The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that connect the upper arm bone or humerus to the shoulder blade. They help keep the shoulder joint stable and allow for smooth, flexible movement. When these muscles or tendons become strained or injured, it results in a rotator cuff tear or tendinopathy. Tendinopathy is a condition where tendon become worn out and weaker creating microtears and degeneration. Tears and tendinopathy can occur from overuse, aging, injury, or degeneration . People who perform repetitive overhead movements - such as athletes, painters, or construction workers - are especially at risk.
Common symptoms of a rotator cuff damage include shoulder pain, weakness, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. These symptoms can make it difficult to lift or rotate the arm. If you continue to overload your shoulder without treating it, the tear can get worse.
To help prevent such injuries, it’s important to keep the shoulder muscles strong and flexible through regular exercise,and light weight training. Those who frequently use their shoulders for overhead tasks should take breaks, avoid repetitive strain.
Treatment for a rotator cuff tear depends on its severity. Mild cases may improve with rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, biologic therapies - like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or cellular therapies with stem cell - can help the shoulder heal by promoting tissue repair without surgery. For more serious tears, surgical options such as arthroscopy (minimally invasive) or open surgery may be required.
